2Adams

Version: 18 Nov 2020

at-DNA and the two Adam Kaysers

Richard L. Tolman, Ph. D.

On the manifest of the ship Mosel which lists among the passengers the Adam Kayser family emigrating from Odessa to South Dakota (left Bremen arriving New York 9 Nov 1878), a son Adam (age 18) is listed. Emigrating with father Adam and his second wife Elizabeth Peter (her third husband) were eight children. Some of the eight children were born to Adam’s first wife Christine Ehli and some were born to Elizabeth’s second husband Johannes (Leonard) Kayser.¹

One becomes aware that there is a problem when the 1900 U. S. Census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota is examined—there are two Adam Kayser families, both emigrating from Russia in 1878 (the father Adam Sr. could not be found in 1900; in 1910 he was living with Adam Kayser 1).

Adam Kayser 1:

Adam G. Kayser family:1900 U. S. Census of German, Hutchinson, South Dakota, E. D. 190, Page 2 FHL Film 1241, 550.²

Adam Kayser 2:

Adam Kayser family:1900 U. S. Census of German, Hutchinson, South Dakota, E. D. 190, Page 3 FHL Film 1241, 550.³

Adam Kayser 1 was born Apr 1857 and Adam Kayser 2 was born Apr 1860. This is the first indication that Adam Kayser 2 is the son of Johann Adam and Christina Ehli who emigrated on the Mosel in 1878 (age 18). But then where did Adam Kayser 1 born Apr 1857 come from?

…Gathering other data:

Adam Kayser 1 was born at Odessa, Russia⁴ 29 Mar 1857 and emigrated 1878 on the Mosel (a claim from his passport application). He died 1 Apr 1931 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota and is buried⁵ next to his wife Catharina at the Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson, South Dakota. He married abt 1880 at South Dakota Katherine/Catharina Reich (1860-1932); ten children. The family is found in the 1880 census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota—Adam is already married to Catherina Reich and 5 of his sisters are living with them. In 1910 Adam Sr. is living with them.

Adam Kayser 2 was born at Odessa, Russia Apr 1860 and died 1951; he was buried⁶ in the Kayser plot, Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson, South Dakota. The Parochialschein appended to the ‘Familien Dokumente’ attests that this Adam is a son of Johann Adam and his first wife Christina Ehli; he was ‘born 28/4/1860 christened 1/5-1860’. He married 1881 Louise Kayser (b. 1861). The Adam Kayser Sr. family is found in the 1880 census⁷ of Hutchinson County; Adam was 22 years (b. 1858).⁸ His family is found in the 1945 South Dakota Census⁹ at Ward 3, Hutchinson County. Adam (he called himself Adam, Jr.) was age 85 (born 1860), with 67 years in the U. S. (arriving 1878).

Adam Kayser 1 claims to have emigrated on the Mosel in 1878 (although the manifest lists Adam age 18); Adam Kayser 2 states only that he emigrated in 1878. There is an immigration record¹⁰ for an Adam age 20 (b. 1858) on the Vaterland. Perhaps the elder Adam went ahead to South Dakota to check it out and the rest of the family came six months later. OR they both traveled on the Mosel and only one entry on the manifest was made. By age, the older Adam was the one on the Vaterland, but he is also the Adam who claimed he came on the Mosel.

It is a little strange that the family in 1880 was divided with all the older sisters living with the older Adam brother and his wife Catharina, unless for the sake of propriety there was a need to separate Adam Kayser 2 from Louisa (whom he married the next year). He is then not likely to be her brother. Alternatively, perhaps the division in the family was a division by parentage, i. e. perhaps the children living together reflects that they had common parentage. It is possible at this point based on the Parochialschein to conclude that Adam Kayser 2 is the son of Johann Adam and Christina (Ehli) Kayser and that Adam Kayser 1 is a close relative, perhaps a half-brother or cousin; for clarification, see the Württembergian Kayser Family essay.

at-DNA

The at-DNA Kayser matches of three descendants (two 2C and one 3C2R) of Johann Adam and Anna Marie (Frey) Kayser were examined: Maralyn D. Tolman (MDT) and Leslie Hettman Watson (LHW) revealed matches to BOTH Adam Kayser 1 and 2 descendants; Paul Kelley (PK) possessed matches to descendants of Adam Kayser 2. This seems to only add confusion. The key to understanding this is the recognition that Johann Adam Kayser (b. 1809) had two sons Johannes (Leonard), b. 1831 and Johann Adam, b. 1833 who were both married to Elizabeth Peter (her 2nd and 3rd husbands, respectively).

MDT and LHW Matches:

From Clusters 1 and 2 it is clear that both Adam Kaysers have as common ancestor Johann Adam Kayser b. 1809. Summarizing, Adam Kayser 1 (b. 1857) is a son of Johannes (Leonard) Kayser and Elizabeth Peter and Adam Kayser 2 (b. 1860) is a son of Johann Adam Kayser and Christina Ehli. Adam Kayser 2 descendants have Peter-DNA because the son Adam (b. 1860) married Louisa Kayser, a dau of Leonard and Elizabeth (Peter) Kayser. This is confirmed by examination of the Paul Kelley (PK) at-DNA matches and the appearance of Ehli surname matches as well as Peter surname matches (see Table 1).

Take a look at Cluster 3, the Peter matches—there is something fishy here! Most of the matches have Johann Adam Frey as the common ancestor, through his dau Magdalena that married Georg Peter. ‘Arthur Eslinger’¹¹, ‘L. E.’¹² and ‘R. S.’¹³ are descended through Georg’s son Jacob (b. 1835), ‘Tanya Shapiro’¹⁴ through Georg’s dau Dorothea (b. 1837)¹⁵ and ‘gpboschee’¹⁶ through Philipp Peter (b. 1805 of Vilsburg, Rheinland,¹⁷ possible bro of Georg Peter?). They share Frey-DNA, not Peter-DNA. The average cM for the distant Frey-DNA matches is 12cM (from the examination of MDT/LHW matches—the common ancestor is a gg-gf). The PK Peter matches are much larger than would be predicted from Johann Adam Frey (common ancestor), indicating that there is another contributor. And the Peter DNA-contributor must also be closer in time than Johann Adam Frey, because of the size of the contribution. This then is further confirmation of the inheritance by descendants of Peter-DNA through Louisa Kayser (b. 1861) from her mother Elizabeth Peter.

Johann Adam Kayser (b.1809) and Anna Marie Frey had seven children: relevant here are three of the sons, Leonard (married Peter), Adam (married Ehli)—descendant PK; and Friedrich (married Kreis)—descendants MDT/LHW. See Chart 1. The control surnames behave as anticipated (see Table 1). The DNA matches from these three descendants have been examined; MDT/LHW have no Ehli matches and PK has no Kreis matches, as would be expected (see Table 1). Note that all three DNA’s have a bunch of Frey matches (wife of the common ancestor) confirming the paper-proven genealogical lineage. The match count is polluted by (1) people who list individuals incorrectly (w/o proof) in their pedigree who are not really blood-related and (2) by lack of algorithm specificity, i. e. a ‘Peter’ search will also bring up ‘Peters’, ‘Peterson’, and ‘St. Peter’.

GENEALOGICAL SUMMARY¹⁸

Generation One

1. Johannes (Leonard) Kayser¹⁹ was born²⁰ 1831/2 at Alexanderhilf, Groβliebenthal, Odessa, Russia and died²¹ 1866. He was the first child of Johann Adam and Anna Maria (Frey) Kayser. He married²² 5 Apr 1856 at Groβliebenthal Elizabeth Peter as her second husband.

Johannes (Leonard) Kayser and Elizabeth Peter had six children.

+ 2 i. ADAM GEORGE (Adam Kayser 1) was born 29 Mar 1857 at Neuburg, Odessa and died 1 Apr 1931, He married Katherine Reich.

3 ii. KATHERINE KAYSER was born 12 Aug 1859 at Alexanderhilf, Odessa and died 24 Dec 1903 (age 44) at Liberty Twp, Hutchinson, South Dakota.

4 iii. LOUISA KAYSER was born²³ 14 Jan 1861 at Alexanderhilf, Odessa. She married 1881 Adam Kayser²⁴ (a 1C). see Adam Kayser 2.

5 iv. MARIA KAYSER was born 16 Dec 1862²⁵ and died²⁶ 1920 (age 57) at Rapid City, Pennington, South Dakota. She married 1881 John Schamber.

{‘Kathleen Wangen’²⁷ is a descendant of Maria.}

6 v. ELIZABETH KAYSER was born²⁸ Jan 1865 and died 2 Feb 1935.²⁹ She married 1882 Christian Wacker.³⁰

{‘NicoleGiuliano’³¹ and ‘Rene Ground’³² are descendants of Elizabeth.}

7 vi. EMELINE/CAROLINE KAYSER7 vi. was born³³ Oct 1866 and died 18 May 1943. She married 1884 J. George Schamber.

8. Adam Kayser was born was born 20 Jul 1833³⁴ and christened³⁵ 23 Jul 1833 at Alexanderhilf, Groβliebenthal, Odessa, Russia and died 4 Jul 1917 (age 84) at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota, buried³⁶ at Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson County.³⁷ He was the second child of Johann Adam and Anna Maria (Frey) Kayser. He married³⁸ (1) 22 Sep 1855 at Groβliebenthal, Odessa, Russia Christine Ehli/Ehly, dau of Heinrich Ehly of Niederhochstadt, Pfalz. She was born³⁹ 8 Nov 1835 at Freudental, Kherson, Ukraine and died abt 1863.

Adam married (2) before 1869 at Pidhirne, Tarutyne, Odessa Elizabeth Peter (Schabel Kayser) as Elizabeth’s third husband.⁴⁰,⁴¹

Adam Kayser and Christina Ehli had four children.⁴²,⁴³,⁴⁴

9 i. ELIZABETH KAYSER was born⁴⁵ 20 Jun 1856 and died 15 Aug 1856.

10 ii. JOHANNES KAYSER was christened⁴⁶ 8 Jan 1858 at Alexanderhilf and died⁴⁷ 21 Sep 1925 at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota. He married 1879 Barbara Kayser.

+ 11 iii. ADAM KAYSER(Adam Kayser 2) was born⁴⁸ 28 Apr 1860 and christened⁴⁹ 1 May 1860 at Neusatz, Odessa, Russia. He married Louisa Kayser (a 1C).

12 iv. CHRISTINA KAYSER was christened 2 Dec 1863 at Neusatz, Odessa and died⁵⁰ 25 Aug 1950 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota. She married William Dewald.

Adam Kayser and Elizabeth Peter had one child.

13 i. HEINRICH KAYSER was christened⁵¹ 8 Jun 1870 at Neusatz, Odessa.

Generation Two

2. Adam Georg Kayser (Adam Kayser 1) was born 28 Mar 1857 at Alexanderhilf, Odessa, Kherson, Russia and died 1 Apr 1931 at Rosenfeld, Hutchinson, South Dakota, the son of Johannes (Leonard) Kayser and Elizabeth (Peter) Kayser. He married Catherine Reich. She was born 1860 and died 1932.

Adam and Catherine (Reich) Kayser had twelve children at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota.⁵²

14 i. LOUISA KAYSER was born 7 Oct 1880 and died 19 Mar 1891.

15 ii. AUGUST KAYSER was born 11 Aug 1882 and died 6 Jul 1962; buried⁵³ at Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson, South Dakota. He married A. Magdalena ____.

16 iii. EMMA MARIA KAYSER was born 4 Aug 1884 and died 20 Jul 1960 at Scotland Bon Homme County, South Dakota; buried⁵⁴ Rose Hill Cemetery, Bon Homme County. She married Matthais Bauder.

{‘Steve Pancratz’⁵⁵ is a descendant of Emma Maria.}

17 iv. BERTHA/ERTA KAYSER was born 4 Oct 1887 and died 7 Jun 1965 at Tyndall, Bon Homme, South Dakota; buried⁵⁶ at Rose Hill Cemetery, Bon Homme County. She married Andrew Schatz.

18 v. HENRY JOHN KAYSER was born 19 Oct 1888 and died 31 Aug 1918 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota; buried⁵⁷ at Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson County . He married 16 Feb 1910 at Bon Homme County, South Dakota Emma Kiehlbauch.

{‘John Wilfong’⁵⁸ is a descendant of Henry.}

19 vi. SOPHIA KAYSER was born 10 Oct 1890 and died 27 Jan 1954 at South Dakota; buried⁵⁹ at Fairhaven Memorial Park, Santa Ana, Orange, California. She married ____ Stoller.

20 vii. JULIUS CHRISTIAN KAYSER was born 14 Oct 1892 and died 14 Apr 1945 at Los Angeles, California.⁶⁰ He married⁶¹ 20 Dec 1921 at Illinois Lydia E. Speck.

21 viii. ADELINA KATHERINA KAYSER was born 1894 and died 1945; buried⁶² at Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson County. She married 25 Nov 1926 at Turner County, South Dakota Carl B. LeSueur.

22 ix. ADAM RICHARD KAYSER was born 2 Dec 1896 and died 16 Sep 1968; buried⁶³ Baltimore National Cemetery, Baltimore, Maryland. He was a WWII veteran of the 91 Signal Corp.

23 x. LEONORA K KAYSER was born 1896 and died 1985; buried⁶⁴ at Rosebud Cemetery, Glenwood Springs, Garfield, Colorado. She married Thomas Jefferson Adams.

24 xi. OTTO BISMARCK KAYSER was born 20 Jan 1901 and died 24 Oct 1944 at Manila, the Philippines; buried⁶⁵ Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, Manila, the Philippines.

25 xii. ALETHA KAYSER> was born 1904 and died 18 Sep 1991⁶⁶ at Maricopa County, Arizona; buried⁶⁷ at Wickburg Cemetery, Maricopa County. She married John Burgess.

{‘Shauna Sorden’⁶⁸ and ‘Staci Blunt’⁶⁹ are descendants of Aletha.}

11. Adam Kayser(Adam Kayser 2) was born 26 Apr 1860 and christened 1 May 1860 near Odessa, Russia and died 22 May 1951 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota. He married 1881 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota Louise Kayser.

Adam and Louise Kayser had four children.⁷⁰

26 i. WILLIAM KAYSER was born 23 Aug 1882 at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota and died 11 Oct 1942. He married 5 May 1907 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota Maria Brost the dau of Johann Georg and Christina (Schlenker) Brost. She was born 25 May 1884 at Hutchinson County, Dakota Territory and died 10 Oct 1956 at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota.

{‘PK’⁷¹ and ‘SheriKayser’⁷² are descendants of William.}

27 ii. MAGDELINE KAYSER was born Jan 1888 at South Dakota and died 8 Sep 1970 at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota. She married abt 1906 at South Dakota Karl Kundert.⁷³

28 iii. AUGUSTA KAYSER was born 1893 and died 1920; buried⁷⁴ at Parkston Cemetery, Hutchinson, South Dakota.

29 iv. HILDEGARD KAYSER was born 21 Dec 1903 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota and died 18 Dec 2002 at Parkston, Hutchinson, South Dakota; buried⁷⁵ at Parkston Cemetery. She married⁷⁶ 8 Dec 1957 at Hutchinson County, South Dakota Frank Mraz of Parkston.⁷⁷

NOTES

1. This was consistent with the ‘Parochialschein’ (hereafter Parochialschein)appended to the ‘Familien Dokumente (see the essay ‘The Württembergian Kayser Family (Black Sea Russians) from the Odessa Region of Russia’ on the www.29deadpeople.com website; hereafter Württembergian Kayser Family essay.

2. Online at Ancestry.com.

3. Online at Ancestry.com.

4. Adam Kayser, United States Passport Applications 1795-1925, Roll 199, 1913 cert #18762, states—born 28 Mar 1857 in Russia; parents born Russia. He states he emigrated on the Mosel from Bremen; online at Ancestry.com.

5. Findagrave #88521369, wife Katherine Reich, #88521561; 10 children named.

6. Findagrave #87444847, wife Louise (1861-1929) also buried nearly #87444976.

7. Adam Kayser Jr. family: 1880 U. S. Census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, Roll 112, E. D. 031, Page 105A; Adam (age 23) and wife Catharina (age 20) with sisters Louisa (age 19), Maria (age 18), Elizabeth (age 16), Carolina (age 13) and Catharina (age 21) ‘sister’?; online at Ancestry.

8. Adam Kayser family: 1880 U. S. Census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, Roll 112, E. D. 031, Page 104D; Adam (age 47) and Elizabeth (age 50) with children John (age 23), Adam (age 22), Christina (age 16), and Heinrich (age 10), parents b. ‘Württemberg’; online at Ancestry.com. Christina and Maria may have been counted in the census twice.

9. Adam Kayser, Jr., 1945 South Carolina Census, Hutchinson County, ward 3, parents Russian, online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MLBT-G69.

10. Adam Kaiser immigration: age 20, b. abt 1858, origin Germany, departed Antwerp, arrived Philadelphia, 29 Mar 1878; online at Ancestry.com.

11. ‘Cheryl’s Family Tree’, owner cherylneil1960, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/76052186, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

12. ‘Cheryl’s Family Tree’, owner cherylneil1960, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/76052186, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

13. ‘Steinke Family Tree’, owner Jay Steinke, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/112258099, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

14. ‘Tanya Sonderegger Shapiro Family Tree’, owner Tanya Shapiro, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/105495327, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

15. The Württembergian Kayser Family essay.

16. ‘Mutschelknaus Family Tree’, owner gpboschee, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/44102444, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

17. Black Sea German Research, online at www.blackseargr.org(search Schweinfort, Caroline).

18. See Württembergian Kayser Family essay for more detail.

19. In the earliest records (on www.blackseargr.org ) he is ‘Johannes’ which implies that there is no Rufname (middle name). Johann is the form of this name when there is a Rufname, i.e. ‘Johannes Brahms’ and ‘Johann Sebastian Bach’. In the 1858 Alexanderhilf Census, he is called ‘Johannes Leonard’ which violates the rules of German syntax, which is why Leonard is placed in parens.

20. Online at www.blackseargr.org , search Kaiser, Johannes, cites the 1858 Alexanderhilf Census which has him 26 yrs old; two children are listed. There is no other birth record as the earliest records from Alexanderhilf are from 1833.

21. Online at www.blackseargr.org , search Kaiser, Johannes Leonard, cites the St. Petersburg records, FHL Film 1884,100 i2 p. 116.

22. Kaiser/Schabel (Peter) marriage: Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates 1833-1885, Vol. 828-14/87, p. 116, FHL Film 1884,100, image 901; online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVRK-1KL4.

23. Online at www.blackseargr.org , search Kaiser, Johannes Leonard.

24. Adam and Louise Kayser, 1900 U. S. Census of German, Hutchinson, South Dakota, E. D. 190, Page 3 FHL Film 1241, 550, Adam b. 1860 Russia, emigrated 1878.

See also Adam G. and Katherine Kayser, 1900 U. S. Census of German, Hutchinson, South Dakota, E. D. 190, Page 2, Adam b. Apr 1857 Russia, emigrated 1878.

25. Maria Kayser: 1880 U. S. Census of Menno, Hutchinson, South Dakota, Roll 112, E. D. 031, Page 80C; age 17, single, servant; online at Ancestry.com.

26. Findagrave #144642770.

27. ‘Schamber Family Tree’, owner Kathleen Wangen, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/158091669, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

28. Adam Kayser Jr. family: 1880 U. S. Census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, Roll 112, E. D. 031, Page 105A; Adam (age 23) and wife Catharina (age 20) with sisters Louisa (age 19), Maria (age 18), Elizabeth (age 16), Carolina (age 13) and Catharina (age 21) ‘sister’?; online at Ancestry.com.

29. Findagrave #19576996.

30. 1900 U. S. Census of Township 99, Hutchinson, South Dakota, E. D. 192, Page 6 FHL Film 1241,550, Elizabeth b. 1866 Russia, emigrated 1878.

31. ‘Haglund Family Tree’, owner MarissaHaglund, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/1908151, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

32. ‘Rene Family Tree’, owner Rene Ground, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/155154448, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

33. ‘arthur carl schamber family tree’, owner CindaSchamber52, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/115209063, and sources therein (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

34. United States Passport Applications, #11759, South Dakota, beside his birthdate, it also states he emigrated from Bremen on the Mosel in 1878; online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q24F-HQ8L.

35. Russia, Lutheran Church Book Duplicates 1833-1885, Vol. 828-14/2, p. 36, FHL Film 1792,290, witness Jakob Frey; online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVRK-Y7Z9.

36. Findagrave #86388581; his birth date in 1833 has been misread as 1838 and his age at death has been miscalculated as 79 instead of 84 years.

37. Adam Kayser family: 1880 U. S. Census of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, Roll 112, E. D. 031, Page 104D; Adam (age 47) and Elizabeth (age 50) with children John (age 23), Adam (age 22), Christina (age 16), and Heinrich (age 10), parents b. ‘Württemberg’; online at Ancestry.com.

38. Grossliebenthal Marriage Records 185x, online at www.odessa3.org/collections/stpete/gros/link/gors186m.txt.

39. Black Sea German Research, online at www.blackseargr.org (search Ehly).

40. Parochialschein.

41. Online at www.blackseargr.org (search Elizabeth Peter) no sources cited and could not be confirmed by this author. Johann Leonhardt is listed as the husband of Elizabeth Peter (no source); this contradicts the Parochialschein which has Elizabeth married to Johann Adam Kayser.

42. Parochialschein.

43. See the manifest of the Mosel.

44. Online at www.blackseargr.org , search Kaiser, Johann Adam. Note that their database has some of Johann Adam’s children with a different father: Johann Leonard Kayser, b. 1831 Russia.

45. Russia, Lutheran church Book Duplicates, 1833-1885, Vol. 828-14/87, p. 127, FHL Film 1884,100 image 911;online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVR2-MMFV.

46. ‘Lippert Family Tree’, owner Tim Lippert, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/162539373, and sources therein (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

47. Findagrave #86387969.

48. Adam Kayser, United States Passport Applications 1795-1925, Roll 199, 1913 cert #18762, states—born 28 Mar 1857 in Russia, immigrated on the Mosel from Bremen, parents born Russia; online at Ancestry.com.

49. Parochialschein.

50. Findagrave #81551101.

51. Parochialschein.

52. ‘Harman Family Tree’, owner Stephen alden, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/155209578, and sources therein (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

53. Findagrave #92782402.

54. Findagrave #10103022.

55. ‘Pancratz Family Tree’

, owner Steve Pancratz, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/104626643, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

56. Findagrave #114257957.

57. Findagrave #88522275.

58. ‘John Wilfong Family Tree’, owner John Wilforg, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/161350038, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

59. Findagrave #133132895.

60. California Death Index, mother: Reich; online at Ancestry.com.

61. Kayser/Speck marriage: Cook County, Illinois Marriage Indexes; online at Ancestry.com.

62. Findagrave #88522006.

63. Findagrave #862391.

64. Findagrave #30004966.

65. Findagrave #56756206.

66. ‘Staci Blunt Family Tree’, owner Staci Blunt, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/157873200, no sources (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

67. Findagrave #179224351; nice bio.

68. ‘Shauna Sorden-McCarthy Family Tree’, owner shauna Sorden, www.Ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/161864681, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

69. ‘Staci Blunt Family Tree’, owner Staci Blunt, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/157873200, no sources (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

70. ‘Sheri Kayser Family Tree’, owner SheriKayser, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/35108460, and sources cited therein (accessed 4 Nov 2020).

71. ‘Kelley Family Tree’, owner Paul Kelley, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/3379366, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

72. ‘Sheri Kayser Family Tree’, owner SheriKayser, www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/35108460, and sources therein (accessed 10 Nov 2020).

73. South Dakota, Dept. of Health, Index to Births and Marriages; marriage of dau Astella Kundert, parents named; online at FamilySearch https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKD8-P6NT.

74. Findagrave #86320835.

75. Findagrave #101032057.

76. Mraz/Kayser marriage: South Dakota Marriage 1905-2018; online at Ancestry.com.

77. Mrs. Alex Ott obit, The Daily Republic (Mitchell, South Dakota), 11 Nov 1975, Page 2; online at www.newspapers.com.